Have tried abstinence-based approaches and found them to be ineffective or undesirable.

Relapse frequently.

Are dually diagnosed and do not get sufficient or well-integrated treatment.

Prefer an alternative way of thinking about addiction and drug use and abuse.

Believe that there is an underlying depression or issue that motivates them to misuse, so the addiction is seen as a symptom of a deeper problem.

Believe strongly that they can overcome their underlying problems with some help and maintain moderation with their elixor of choice.

Those that believe that their addiction is due to a disease.

Those that have an external locus of control TAKE LOCUS OF CONTROL TEST

Persistent and nearly constant loss of control over alcohol or drug when used.